Christmas and New Year’s Day

Christmas or Christmas Day is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ. It's celebrated all over the world.Christmas is a time for family and friends to get together and exchange gifts.Probably the most celebrated holiday in the world. 


   Christmas traditions all over the world

Mexico: ‘Feliz Navidad!’

In 1828, the American minister to Mexico, Joel R. Poinsett, brought a red-and-green plant from Mexico to America. As its coloring seemed perfect for the new holiday, the plants, which were called poinsettias after Poinsett, began appearing in greenhouses as early as 1830. In 1870, New York stores began to sell them at Christmas. By 1900, they were a universal symbol of the holiday.
In Mexico, paper mache sculptures called pinatas are filled with candy and coins and hung from the ceiling. Children then take turns hitting the pinata until it breaks, sending a shower of treats to the floor. Children race to gather as much of of the loot as they can.

France: ‘Joyeux Noël!’

In France, Christmas is called Noel. This comes from the French phrase les bonnes nouvelles, which means “the good news” and refers to the gospel.
In southern France, some people burn a log in their homes from Christmas Eve until New Year’s Day. This stems from an ancient tradition in which farmers would use part of the log to ensure good luck for the next year’s harvest.

 

                                                

Canada

 
Most Canadian Christmas traditions are very similar to those practiced in the United States. In the far north of the country, the Eskimos celebrate a winter festival called sinck tuck, which features parties with dancing and the exchanging of gifts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

Greece: ‘Kala Christouyenna!’

 In Greece, many people believe in kallikantzeri, goblins that appear to cause mischief during the 12 days of Christmas. Gifts are usually exchanged on January 1, St. Basil’s Day.

End of the Year

1. Was this year better or worse for you?
2. What was the happiest thing for you this year?
3. What was the saddest thing for you this year?
4. What would you like to change?
5. Do you have any regrets about this year?
6. Were there any dreams you couldn’t fulfill?
7. Did you enjoy last Christmas?

My 2016 isn't such interesting, I can't remember interesting things, but this year isn't bad too, I had many funny days with friends, family, at school. I would like be more clever, but I know I'm very lazy.I haven't many dreams, I have many destinations and I hope that would done from several years.
 








New Year is coming

1. Did you believe in Santa Claus when you were a child?
2. Do you celebrate Christmas in your country?
3. Do you celebrate Christmas in a traditional way?
4. Do you enjoy Christmas time?
5. Do you exchange presents with your friends and with your relatives?
6. Do you attend any special religious ceremonies during the Christmas season?
7. Do you have a Christmas tree? 
8. If so, how do you decorate it? When do you put it up?
   When do you take it down?
   Is it real or artificial?
   
   I think every child believe in Santa, it's very beautiful  feeling to believe in Santa, wait for Santa, Love Santa.I Think when child don't believe In Santa he have a bad childhood. 
   In Armenia  Christmas is a very big traditional celebration, and we always celebrate it  with pleasure, In a good mood. I like to receive  and to give  presents, When I like the person I  give him everything with pleasure, but when I don;t like the person I  don't want to give him something.
   Christmas tree is a big part of tradition, Long before the advent of Christianity, plants and trees that remained green all year had a special meaning for people in the winter. Just as people today decorate their homes during the festive season with pine, spruce, and fir trees, ancient peoples hung evergreen boughs over their doors and windows. In many countries it was believed that evergreens would keep away witches, ghosts, evil spirits, and illness.
   
   
   
    Do you have a Christmas party at school?
   If so, do you take part in it and how do you take part in it?
   
9. Do you have any plans to go to a Christmas party?
10. Have you ever celebrated Christmas in a foreign country?
11. How do you usually spend New Year’s Eve? How about New Year’s Day
12. What is the typical menu for a Christmas meal in your family? (… in your country?)
13. What kind of interesting things do you do for Christmas in your home country?
14. What kind of presents do you expect to get this Christmas?
15. Do you give Christmas presents?

If so, whom do you give Christmas presents?
Every year we have a carnaval in our school. This year my family and I  planned to celebrate Christmas party in our new house. I  celebrate Christmas party in a foreign country several times , we went to Islands. This year I want to decorate our home very comfortable, nice, lightly. This year I will buy presents for  my family.
 

Essay 1

Nowadays more people are choosing to live with friends or alone rather than with their families. This trend is likely to have a negative impact on communities.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.
Write at least 250 words.

Nowdays you can rarely senn such  situations when person want to live alone. I think it's more comfortable when the person has high mental abbillity, but when the person want to establish itself it's very wrong why not dangerous. This sitauation often we can see  In America, because  children and their parents are more  freethinker.It's not common In Armenia.
 When person decided to live alone he have to realize that it will affect every detal of his  life, for example how much you can spend In a week and etc. 
But the People who  live  alone enjoy more freedom than those who are living with family.

Types of communication (project)

Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another.

The different categories of communication are:

1.Spoken or Verbal Communication: face-to-face

2.Non-Verbal Communication: body language, gestures

3.Written Communication: letters, e-mails, books, magazines

Written communication
Nowdays we often  use written communication, because we live in 21century and we have all things for comfortable  communication.  Sure written communication is very important and useful thing.

Verbal communication

Effective verbal or spoken communication is dependant on a number of factors and cannot be fully isolated from other important interpersonal skills such as non-verbal communication, listening skills and clarification.

Clarity of speech, remaining calm and focused, being polite and following some basic rules of etiquette will all aid the process of verbal communication. See our page: Effective Speaking for more information.

One of the  type of communication is verbal communication, We can speak and talk  face-to face it’s real and it’s right.

Non-verbal communication

Non-verbal communications include facial expressions, the tone and pitch of the voice, gestures displayed through body language (kinesics) and the physical distance between the communicators (proxemics).

These non-verbal signals can give clues and additional information and meaning over and above spoken (verbal) communication.

There are people who don’t able  to talk, they haven’t  voice and they use non-verbal communication.

 http://www.skillsyouneed.com/general/what-is-communication.html

Mass media (project)

We live In a developed century. And the most important thing nowadays is mass media. Mass media plays an important role In the life of society. It informs and educates people. We can't imagine our life without media. Everything what we want we can find on the Internet. Whenever we want to listen our favourite songs, watch our favourite shows or watch the latest events, we only have to turn on Tv, radio computer or find on our Facebook profiles. The most common platforms for mass media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television and the Internet. Bill Gates, Shakira , Maadonna, Jeniffer Lopez, we all know them. They aren't Armenians, but they are famous in our country too. We know them from TV shows, from Internet, The telephones also help us.

Mass media plays a very important role in organizing public opinion. Millions of people watch TV and read newspapers in their free time. Most of people can't do without a newspaper in the underground or during the lunch break. TV also dominates the life of the family most of the time. It is also a habit which impossible to resist. The radio is turned on most of the time, creating a permanent background noise. So Mass Media become a very important part of our life. Mass media denotes a section of the media specifically designed to reach a large audience. The term was coined in the 1920s with the advent of nationwide radio networks, mass-circulation newspapers and magazines. However, some forms of mass media such as books and manuscripts had already been in use for centuries.

TV is one of the best inventions the man ever made. We are really beginning to forget what the world was without TV. Everybody knows what a great force is TV in the world today. We become better informed by watching documentaries, science programs, discussions and political issues of the day. TV gives us opportunities to see the best actors, sport matches, to meet famous people. TV brings the world to our room. TV helps us to relax after a hard days work.

http://www.native-english.ru/

Finance and economics

Answer the following questions and learn the new words. Finance and economics vocabulary , words

1.What comes to mind when you hear the word finance? When I hear Finance I imagine money 2. Are you happy with the state of your finances? I'm Delighted. 3. Are you interested in reading news about the financial world? No, it isn't interesting for me. 4. Are you good at saving or sticking ti budgets? Sometimes yes, sometimes no.  

5. Have you ever risked money in financial markets? No, because I'm 15 years old, and it isn't for my age 6. What does the area of finance cover? I think if I'm right, the area of finance cover is protection for people.  

7. What personal financial decisions have you made? Instead of taking part in financial decisions I spend my time on my hobby.
8. Do people who always talk about money and finance bore you? Of course, It is boring when people always speak about the same subject.
9. What is economics? The economics is economical using of resources in my opinion.
10. How is the economy in our country? The economy is in the worst situation in our country.
11. What are the biggest economic problems in our country? I don't know, I'm not interested in such problems.
12. What do you think, what economic problems do our country face? I can't answer this question, because I don't know.

Summer holidays

I think everybody like summer holidays, because, it’s the longest holiday among all the holidays, and we can do more things  and spend more time with our friends. But I think that sumer holidays musn’t be spnet only at home, cafes or with friends.

Some people like to spend their holidays in the countres with their grandparents to help them, feeling fresh air etc.

Many people prefer to go  to the seaside to have a sunbath. I also prefer it, I like sun, sand, ocean or sea, but I don’t like swim  on the sea, I prefer pools because it’s more comfortable for me.

And there are people who don’t do anything, only sit their sofas, play computer games and watch TV programs and movies.

But  it is very bad. In my opinion summer holidays have to be spent with pleasure and we must enjoy those three mounths, because after the holidays we have a long and hard year.

Indian culture and traditions

India's  culture is among the world's oldest. Civilization In India began about 4500 years ago. India has 28 states and seven territories.There isn't offical language In India. Many people living in India also write in Devanagari script. In fact, it is a misconception that the majority of people in India speak Hindi.English can be used for purposes and is widely used for communication. About 13 percent of Indians are Muslim. The Indian food is rich with curries and spices, including ginger, coriander, cardamom, turmeric, dried hot peppers, and cinnamon, among others.Many Hindus are vegetarians, but lamb and chicken are common in main dishes for non-vegetarians. The Guardian  reports that between 20 percent and 40 percent of India's population is vegetarian.
Much of Indian food is eaten with fingers or bread used as utensils. There is a wide array of breads served with meals, including naan, a leavened, oven-baked flatbread, and bhatoora, a fried, fluffy flatbread common in North India and eaten with chickpea curry.
India is well known for its film industry, which is often referred to as Bollywood. The country's movie history began in 1896 when the Lumière brothers demonstrated the art of cinema in Mumbai, according to the Golden Globes. Today, the films are known for their elaborate singing and dancing. 
Indian dance, music and theater traditions span back more than  2000 years.
Indian clothing is closely identified with the colorful silk saris worn by many of the country’s women. The traditional clothing for men is the dhoti, an unstitched piece of cloth that is tied around the waist and legs. Men also wear a kurta, a loose shirt that is worn about knee-length.

 http://www.livescience.com/28634-indian-culture.html
https://books.google.am/books?id=kAFZ6D6bWY4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=hy#v=onepage&q&f=false

Sports and games

We are connected with computer.Nowdays we can do everything With computer and people ussualy ignore sports. Compter makes our bodies unmovable . But as a part of nature our body needs some changes. It must be improve, it must breath. And sports and games help our body to exist.But it is very mistake as our life get very hard and sadly.Sports and games are very important for our daily life It is very helthy and I think when people go in for sports they live very free.In spite of the age It isnt shame to go in for sports and play games. I rspect all the people who keep their health with sports.
 Going in for  sports keep us healthy relaxed and fith . I think one of the best sports for our body is swimming, necause  all our muscles are exercised.
There are two kinds of athletes. amateurs and professionals. The amatures when they go to gym, do exercises, swim etc. The professional when they want to make it their livehood.
There are many categories of sports.
For example.
Winter sports-ice hockey, figure skating, ski jump, downhill skiing, sledging, cross country skiing, hiking, etc.
Nature sports-horse riding,  fishing, cycling, rock climbing, roller blading, cross country running etc.
Martial sports- karate, boxing, judo,  fencing, wrestling etc.
Team sports-volleyball, football, tennis, basketball, handball, cricket, etc.
There are many games but my favorite game is  volleyball.  I like play volleyball with my friends but I do not like watch Volleyball games.

"How is your life different from that of people of your parents or grandparents generation"

We live in a better world than our grandparents did, because...

Our natural and man-made resources are better than our grandparents' such as water, food, and life in general. We have better medicine and treatments for diseases such as, the flu, cold etc. We also have better education because you don't get whacked every time you misbehave, and that lowers your ability to learn as much as you would if you didn't get whipped. 

We also have better technology than our grandparents. Back then you had to send telegrams, which took a while to reach the person you are sending the message to. These days, if you want to communicate with a distant relative, you can call them or possibly Facetime them instead of having to wait a couple weeks. We have better food because the food companies try to give their coustermers the best possible food without bacteria.

Years ago, there were many wars and not many countries that were diverse. Today we live in a diverse community. We are also protected from wars and also, medical treatments have become more advanced during these several years. 

The Importances of learning foreign languages

I want to learn foreign languages because nowadays it is a very important thing.I think  English is much used abroad I think is very important and useful to know English and Russian languages in Armenia.These languages are also much used here.We can not exist without Russian and we most know Russian language. I think nowadays we must know Chinese because we are in close trade relations with China.
Russian is useful because about a20 years ago we were in sovet umion and there's foreign language was russian. Our moms and  dads studed russian. But nowdays our foreign language is english. In the world foreign language is english so if we want continue study outside we should learn english .
First and foremost, one of the most important reasons to learn a foreign language is the stimulation it offers your mind. Like a young child grappling with language for the very first time, you find yourself lusting for knowledge and oozing curiosity at every turn. 

Christmas In the United Kingdom

                                                                    

In the Great Britain, families often celebrate Christmas together, so they can watch each other open their presents!

Most families have a Christmas Tree in their house for Christmas. The decorating of the tree is usually a family occasion, with everyone helping. Christmas Trees were first popularized the UK by Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria. Prince Albert was German , and thought that it would be good to use one of his ways of celebrating Christmas in to England.

Holly, Ivy and Mistletoe are also sometimes used to decorate homes or other buildings.

Most villages, towns and cities are decorated with Christmas lights over Christmas. Often a famous person switches them on. The most famous Christmas lights in the UK are in Oxford Street in London. Every year they get bigger and better. Thousands of people go to watch the big 'switch on' around the beginning of November.

Children believe that Father Christmas or Santa Claus leaves presents in  stockings or pillow-cases. These are normally hung up by the fire or by the children's beds on Christmas Eve. Children sometimes leave out mince pies and brandy for Father Christmas to eat and drink when he visits them. Children write letters to Santa listing their requests, but sometimes instead of putting them in the post, the letters are tossed into the fireplace. The draught carries the letters up the chimney and Father Christmas reads the smoke.

http://whychristmas.com/cultures/uk.shtml

 Talking about British traditions is very interesting. They are like traditions in Armenia. 

Friendship

Friendship is a relationship of mutual affection between two or more people.
There are many valuable things in life, but friendship may be one of the most important. To live life without the experience of friendship, is life without living. Human interaction is a necessity to survival, but developed friendships are essential to the successful well being of anyone.
Good friends are wonderful. They're there to support you and to help you. They make you laugh and feel good. Friends are very important in our lives. Friendships are easily formed when we are young and do not demand too much out of it. A person who has true friends in life is lucky enough Friendship makes life thrilling. It makes life sweet and pleasant experience. Friendship is indeed, an asset in life. It can lead us to success or to doom. It all depends on how we choose our friends.
Friendship is both good and necessary. Man cannot live all alone. He is a social being. He needs someone to share his joys and sorrows. Generally, it is only the people of the same age, character and background, mentality, etc., who can understand him and understand his problems. Friends are needed for support and for sharing. Friendship is an elixir which is essential for a happy life.
Friendship is one of the most precious gifts of life.

Environmental issues (Ես կարողանում եմ)

Here is the link of my text 
http://www.eschooltoday.com/overfishing/overfishing-information-for-children.html

What do I think about overfishing

I think people must be careful about nature.Mother-nature needs our help, we must protect the nature, because one day we must answer for every our act.The  overfishing changes oceans.When some kind of fishes stop exicting , It may change the life of oceans, or the balanc  of life In the oceans.
Abovementiond isn't connected only with fishes. A person must remember, that he is responsible for his every step, as the nature can be very crule.
 Today the Ozon problem is the result of human acting.

Translation from English into Armenian

We all love to eat fish, don’t we? It is the best source of protein and very healthy food in many ways. We also know where fish comes from—our oceans.
Many decades ago, our oceans were full of fishes but unfortunately, this is not the case today.
Our world today faces many complex issues ranging from pollution, climate change, wars, food crises, waste, over-population… and of course over-fishing.
These are all problems we have created for ourselves, often as a result of our selfish activities.
Overfishing particularly is one issue that is often underrated. This is because we do not hear about it often, and we also do not live in water so we do not care what happens there. Also, we mostly get as much fish as we would like from the market so what is the big deal?
By the end of this lesson, we will know how catastrophic overfishing is and how we are heading down a steep slope to a global disaster if we do not act quickly enough.

Մենք բոլորս սիրում ենք ձուկ ուտել, այդպես չէ՞:Սա սպիտակուցների և շատ առողջարար ուտելիքի ամենալավ աղբյուրն է մի շարք պատճառներով:Մենք նաև գիտենք՝ որտեղից են ծագում ձկները՝ մեր օվկիանոսներից:

 Շատ տասնամյակներ առաջ մեծ օվկիանոսները լիքն էին ձկներով, բայց, ցավոք, վիճակը այդպիսին չէ այսօր:

Բայց այսօր մեր երկիրը բախվում է շատ բարդ բացթողումների՝ սկսած աղտոտումից, կլիմայական փոփոխությունից, պատերազմներից, ուտելիքի ճգնաժամից և ծախսից, գերբնակչությունից և իհարկե ձկնորսության գերազանցումից:

 Սրանք այն խնդիրներն են, որոնք մենք ստեղծում ենք ինքներս մեզ համար, հաճախ որպես արդյունք մեր եսասիրական գործունեության:

 Հատկապես ձկնորսության գերազանցումը մի բացթողում է, որը հաճախ թերագնահատվում է: Դա այդպես է, որովհետև մենք չենք լսում դրա մասին հաճախ ու նաև չենք ապրում ջրի մեջ և չենք մտահոգվում, թե ի՞նչ է պատահում այնտեղ:

Նաև մենք ձեռք ենք բերում այնքան ձուկ ինչքան մենք ցանկանում ենք գնել խանութից և ո՞րն է մեծ բաժինը:

Եվ այս դասի վերջում, մենք կիմանանք, թե ինչքան աղետալի է ձկնորսության աճը և թե ինչպես ենք մենք ուղղվում դեպի համաշխարհային աղետի անդունդը, եթե մենք չգործենք բավականին արագ:

Are women better parents than men

Everyone is equal. No one is better than the other. Men are physically stronger and  faster. Man is the tree of the family and  woman is its branches who   takes care of its leaves. Without  branches the tree cannot survive,   So Women are also strong.  It  doesn't mean every human is like that. It's in general. Everyone is different  with its own character and behavior so we should accept humans as  he or she is. We are  the creatures of the nature  so Nobody should be above, or below the  other. Everyone has its role and place especially in the family, My  ideal model of the family is lovely parents who respect each other, love and respect should be all the time. Being a teenager , trying to build my future I  should say honestly that without   love, care and support of my father and mother I can't imagine my every day. I can't judge a large group of people and say they are all the same in this aspect. But I would like to see ideal families about which I have already mentioned. It is the dream of every child of my age.

Teenangers and their problems

We all know teenagers period is hard. Teenagers can have many problems with their parents, as parents think that their children must be protected by all means, but teenagers think that they are already too wise to solve their problems themselves and they don't need any advise. So they can drink, smoke and so on.

Teenangers can have problems with their friends. Sometimes they don't understand each other. Some of them think that they aren't attractive enough to have new friends. Some of them can have problems at school. They begin to learn badly. Parents think that we just go to school, study, get marks, communicate with friends and come home. They don't know how many problems we have. They think at our age everything is so easy, but I  am of the lucky ones, because my parents are friendly, and especially I like when they trist me. My mother tries to give me good advice, she is always very patient and caring with me. I am very happy that we understand each other so well.